躲避千面之神——比较部分奇幻作品中「复活」元素的使用

题目当然来自冰火,千面之神是死神的集合体。

剧透警告!尤其是冰火

前言

寒假前期我推进了一点《刺客正传》(The Farseer Trilogy)系列的阅读进度,但最主要看的还是《黑暗物质》(His Dark Materials)三部曲。于是我发现,我已经看过的奇幻作品挺多了,而「复活」也许又是奇幻作品的重要特征。这里就来简要比较一下我看过的部分奇幻作品,以小说为主,影视作品为辅。

最初我打算讨论的作品,主要按发表的时间顺序排序,包括《纳尼亚传奇》(The Chronicles of Narnia)、《魔戒》(The Lord of the Rings)、《刺客正传》、《冰与火之歌》(A Song of Ice and Fire)、《黑暗物质》、《猫武士》(Warrior Cats)、《哈利·波特》(Harry Potter)等七部系列作品。集齐七部,即可召唤七神。

可能你会怀疑这个顺序,比如《哈利·波特》为什么在最后。因为这里用的发表时间,指的是第一次显著使用「复活」元素的那本书,显著至少得对主线情节有明显的影响。

根据我对系列了解程度的不同,我把它们分为了解较少、一般和较多,我会在每个系列前加上这个等级,大家可以自行决定我描述的可信性。欢迎批评指正。

了解程度等级 解释
A - 了解较多 至少阅读过大部分原著小说,有较多的研究,看过影视作品
B - 了解一般 阅读过部分原著小说,看过影视作品
C - 了解较少 只阅读过很少的原著小说,但看过影视作品

《纳尼亚传奇》(《狮子·女巫·魔衣橱》,1/7,1950)

C - 了解较少:翻过小说,之前看过电影,这里仅作简要评价

当我看到阿斯兰满血复活的时候,感觉这也就是童话的水平,当然这毕竟是这里讨论的最早的系列了,也很正常。那个更高深的魔法,也就是自愿赴死就可以复活,就是作者直接利用信息不对称。仔细看了一下原著,还不止如此,需要是自愿承认不成立的背叛

这样的情况实在是太常见了吧。如果在纳尼亚的世界,那么艾德(Eddard)也可以复活啦。

不过,这条对后世应该确实有影响,例如我认为《哈利·波特》中哈利“复活”就有点类似,应该也是自愿赴死。

《魔戒》(《双塔奇兵》,2/3,1954)

B - 了解一般:小说只看到第一本,电影当然看过,对中土世界有一定了解

当然就是指甘道夫(Gandalf)的复活了,我记得在《精灵宝钻》里应该也有复活案例,但显然鲜为人知。据说甘道夫的死让马丁大吃一惊,但对于他的复活,马丁应该觉得不好,于是大家认为这就是冰火中主角也难逃一死的来源。

在电影中,观众的感觉就是第一部中甘道夫和炎魔同归于尽,一起掉进了很深的地方,然后第二部就复活了。在小说中,应该是他们在掉下去之后继续搏斗,甘道夫获胜,但不久就死去了,然后再被复活。但其实没有本质区别。甘道夫是迈雅,算是独立于宇宙之外的神,所以严格意义上也不算是复活,但在普通人看来就是。

当然甘道夫不仅满血复活,而且还升级成了白袍,这就是后话了。

《刺客正传》(《皇家刺客》,2/3,1996)

B - 了解一般:小说在看第三部,无影视作品,相当冷门;这里采用最新的译本

相信大家对《刺客》系列相当陌生,需要简单介绍一下。主角蜚滋骏骑(FitzChivalry)是皇室私生子(Fitz-),他的主要职业就是皇家刺客。他掌握两种魔法,其中一种是原智(Wit),类似冰火中的易形者(skinchanger),可以与动物产生牵系,他与一只狼夜眼(Nighteye)密不可分。其实也正是这个联系,我才开始看这个系列。

在第二部结尾,他不幸被捕入狱,遭受酷刑。于是支持他的人毒死了他,而他的狼保存了他的灵魂,人们则保存了他的身体。在蜚滋化身为狼不久后,就成功复活了他。当然此后他也被永久改变了,不再是原来那个蜚滋,而且花了很长时间才恢复了人的记忆和行为。最终他应该会取得胜利,为国王和自己复仇。

It was a thing Burrich had heard of, in a tale told by his grandmother. A tale of a Witted one who could leave her body, for a day or so, and then come back to it. And Burrich had told it to Chade, and Chade had mixed the poisons that would take me to the brink of death. They told me I had not died, that my body had but slowed to an appearance of death.

I do not believe that.

And so I lived once more in man’s body. Though it took me some days and time to remember that I had been a man. And sometimes, still, I doubt it.

I did not resume my life. My life as FitzChivalry lay in smoking ruins behind me. In all the world, only Burrich and Chade knew I had not died. Of those who had known me, few remembered me with smiles. Regal had killed me, in every way that mattered to me as a man. To present myself to any of those who had loved me, to stand before them in my human flesh would have only been to give them proof of the magic I had tainted myself with.

......

Yet even now, when the pain presses most heavily and none of the herbs can turn its deep ache, when I consider the body that entraps my spirit, I recall my days as a wolf, and know them not as a few but as a season of living. There is a comfort in their recalling, as well as a temptation. Come, hunt with me, the invitation whispers in my heart. Leave the pain behind and let your life be your own again. There is a place where all time is now, and the choices are simple and always your own.

Wolves have no kings.

EpilogueRoyal Assassin

这是博瑞屈听说过的事情,是他的祖母告诉他的故事。一个关于拥有原智的人脱离躯体后,大约一天左右就会回到他的身体里的故事。然后,博瑞屈将这故事告诉切德,好让切德调制令我濒死的毒药。他们说我没死,我的身体只不过降低速度显现出死亡的样子。

我可不相信那个。

所以,我又在人类的躯体中活了过来,不过我可花了好一段时间才记得我曾经是个人,有时却仍对此存疑。

我没有重新过自己的生活。我身为蜚滋骏骑的生涯已成过往云烟,而这个世界上只有博瑞屈和切德知道我没死,而那些还记得我的人之中,很少人微笑着想起我。帝尊以人类的方式无所不用其极地杀了我,如果我出现在爱我的人眼前,让我的血肉之躯站在他们面前,这等于是向他们证明我拥有让自己堕落的魔法。

……

然而就连现在,每当我痛苦至极,却找不到可止深沉痛苦的药草时,每当我觉得身体困住了我的精神时,我就会想起那一段身而为狼的时光,也明白这是个短如一季的生命。它们的回忆是个安慰,也是个诱惑。过来,和我一同狩猎,这项邀请在我的心中呢喃。远离痛苦,让你再拥有自己的生活。有这样一个地方,时间只在当下,这些选择很简单,并且总是你自己在做选择。

狼群没有国王。

尾声《皇家刺客》

这几段是我很喜欢的段落,简洁而又优美,节选自尾声,简要描述了蜚滋复活后的改变,以及蜚滋向往的狼群生活。


看了这些,难道你没想到琼恩(Jon)?琼恩也是不错的狼灵(warg),而且他死前还叫了白灵(Ghost),Ghost直译就是鬼魂,反正我是很看好琼恩会走向狼灵的第二次生命的,而这样的复活也会很大程度上改变复活者。

《冰与火之歌》(《冰雨的风暴》,3/7,2000)

A - 了解较多:正传已全看完,权游也是;冰火研究爱好者

为什么选择《冰雨的风暴》呢?其实尸鬼也算是复活,但不是很重要。此外之前光之王也复活过贝里伯爵(Lord Beric),但似乎也不太重要。这里我认为终章复活的凯特琳(Catelyn),对主线有重要影响,比如后来布蕾妮(Brienne)就碰上了石心夫人(Lady Stoneheart)。接下来节选一些片段。

首先是红色婚礼,这个过于血腥,可自行参看原著,也就是凯特琳最后一个视角。


That night she went to sleep thinking of her mother, and wondering if she should kill the Hound in his sleep and rescue Lady Catelyn herself. When she closed her eyes she saw her mother’s face against the back of her eyelids. She’s so close I could almost smell her ...

... and then she could smell her ... She padded slowly through the soft ground to the river’s edge, lapped up a drink, the lifted her head to sniff. The sky was grey and thick with cloud, the river green and full of floating things. Dead men clogged the shallows, some still moving as the water pushed them, others washed up on the banks. Her brothers and sisters swarmed around them, tearing at the rich ripe flesh.

... She sniffed the air again. There it was, and now she saw it too, something pale and white drifting down the river, turning where it brushed against a snag. The reeds bowed down before it.

... She chased them as she had often chased a red deer through the trees, and in the end she ran them down, and her jaw closed around a pale white arm. She shook it to make it move, but there was only death and blood in her mouth. By now she was tiring, and it was all she could do to pull the body back to shore. As she dragged it up the muddy bank, one of her little brothers came prowling, his tongue lolling from his mouth. She had to snarl to drive him off, or else he would have fed ... The white thing lay facedown in the mud, her dead flesh wrinkled and pale, cold blood trickling from her throat. Rise, she thought. Rise and eat and run with us.

The sound of horses turned her head. Men. They were coming from downwind, so she had not smelled them, but now they were almost here. Men on horses, with flapping black and yellow and pink wings and long shiny claws in hand. Some of her younger brothers bared their teeth to defend the food they’d found, but she snapped at them until they scattered. That was the way of the wild. Deer and hares and crows fled before wolves, and wolves fled from men. She abandoned the cold white prize in the mud where she had dragged it, and ran, and felt no shame.

Arya XIIA Storm of Swords

当晚入眠时她想着母亲,不知道该不该趁猎狗睡着时杀他,好自己去救母亲。她闭上眼睛,母亲的脸就在前面。如此接近,几乎可以嗅到……

……她真的嗅到她了。……她缓缓穿过松软的地面,来到河边,舔几口水,抬头闻嗅。天空铁灰,云层密布,绿色的河水中满是漂浮物。尸体充塞于浅滩,被流水击打挪动,有的直接被冲上了岸。她的兄弟姐妹群集在周围,撕扯丰厚的血肉。

……她再度嗅闻空气。就在那儿,她看见了,苍白的物体顺流漂下,碰上东西转了个方向。芦苇在它面前弯腰。

她追逐它,就像平时在林间追逐红鹿。末了,她用牙齿逮到一条苍白的手臂,不断摇晃,想让它动起来,嘴里却只有血与死亡。她以疲倦的身躯,费尽全力将尸体拖回岸边,拽上泥泞的堤坝,一个小兄弟悄悄游荡过来,舌头耷拉在嘴角。她不得不龇牙咆哮,将他赶走,否则他便要进食了。……那白色的物体脸朝下躺在泥地,死肉苍白生褶,冰冷的血从喉咙里渗出。起来,她心想,起来,跟我们一起进食,一起奔跑。

马匹的声响迫使她回头。他们从下风处来,所以她没闻出,而对方几乎快要到了。骑马的人类,黑色、黄色与粉色的翅膀翻滚飞舞,手中还有闪闪发亮的长爪子。一些年轻兄弟咧牙露齿,准备守护食物,她啮咬他们,将他们统统赶开。这是野外的法则:鹿、兔子和乌鸦在狼群面前奔逃,狼群则逃离人类。她把冰冷苍白的战利品弃置于泥沼之中,留在拖上来的地方,毫无愧色地逃跑了……

艾莉亚 XII《冰雨的风暴》

这一部分容易被忽略,其实应该是艾莉亚(Arya)在夜里易形到她的狼,把她母亲的尸体拖到岸上,阻止其他狼来吃,并看到有人来了。据后文可以推断,这里来的应该就是无旗兄弟会的人。


“As it happens, you’re wrong there.” The singer turned to the hooded woman. “Milady?”

The outlaws parted as she came forward, saying no word. When she lowered her hood, something tightened inside Merrett’s chest, and for a moment he could not breathe. No. No, I saw her die. She was dead for a day and night before they stripped her naked and threw her body in the river. Raymund opened her throat from ear to ear. She was dead.

Her cloak and collar hid the gash his brother’s blade had made, but her face was even worse than he remembered. The flesh had gone pudding soft in the water and turned the color of curdled milk. Half her hair was gone and the rest had turned as white and brittle as a crone’s. Beneath her ravaged scalp, her face was shredded skin and black blood where she had raked herself with her nails. But her eyes were the most terrible thing. Her eyes saw him, and they hated.

“She don’t speak,” said the big man in the yellow cloak. “You bloody bastards cut her throat too deep for that. But she remembers.” He turned to the dead woman and said, “What do you say, m’lady? Was he part of it?”

Lady Catelyn’s eyes never left him. She nodded.

EpilogueA Storm of Swords

“不幸的是,您又错了,”歌手转向戴兜帽的女子,“夫人?”

女子上前时,土匪们默默地让道。她揭开兜帽,梅里的心脏顿时停止了跳动。不,不,我明明看见她死了。她死了一天一夜,我们才把尸体剥个精光,赤条条地扔进河里。雷蒙德将她的喉咙从左耳切到右耳。她死了!

斗篷和衣领遮住了弟弟的刀刃留下的丑陋伤痕,但她的面容比当初更可怕。血肉在河水中泡软后,成为凝固牛奶的颜色,一半的头发没了,剩下的花白脆弱,犹如百岁老妪。疮痍遍布的头皮下,脸庞碎成一块一块,中间是当初她用指甲挖出的黑血。最恐怖的是她的眼睛,其中唯有赤裸裸的恨意。

“她不能说话——”黄斗篷的大个子解释,“——你们这帮可恨的杂种切得太深。但她记得所有事情。”他转向死去的女人。“您怎么说,夫人?他有份吗?”

凯特琳夫人的目光从未离开梅里。她点点头。

终章《冰雨的风暴》

这一段在全书的结尾,相当出人意料,据说有很多粉丝抗议凯特琳的复活,但马丁承诺她已经不是原来的凯特琳了。从外貌和行为上就能看出这一点。


在卷四,复活的凯特琳正式得名石心夫人,一心只想复仇。书中提到贝里伯爵用自己的生命为代价复活了凯特琳,虽然具体机制仍不清楚,似乎不同于之前代价较小的光之王复活,也许是凯特琳死亡时间过长。布蕾妮差点也被石心夫人吊死了,而且这时已经有人能听懂石心夫人说的话了,所以有人充当翻译。接下来布蕾妮和詹姆(Jaime)将何去何从,仍不清楚。

由此可见,石心夫人成为无旗兄弟会的首领,改变了河间地的局势,也将会为红色婚礼的复仇作出贡献。但石心夫人也有可怕的一面,她可能过于疯狂,甚至让曾经宣誓效忠她的布蕾妮去杀詹姆,这样的复仇可能会带来很大的问题。


总体上看,现在可行的复活方式包括由异鬼复活(冰魔法)、由光之王复活(火魔法)、由狼灵二次生命复活(未实践,魔法未知)。我大胆猜测,由于我对「狼灵」元素的喜爱,我认为这种复活是更基本的,就像原智一样,可能会是冰与火的联合,所以指向琼恩。

《黑暗物质》(《琥珀望远镜》,3/3,2000)

A - 了解较多:三部曲已看完,已有的《黄金罗盘》电影和两季电视剧也看完;这里采用最新的译本

严格意义上讲,莱拉(Lyra)和威尔(Will)从死人世界返回不算是复活,毕竟鬼魂没有复活。但他们也发生了很大的改变,他们能像女巫一样和精灵分开,本来没有精灵的威尔也感应出了精灵。当然还因为我要凑数。

相信大家对《黑暗物质》也挺陌生的,这个系列是带有童话风格的奇幻,还有很显著的基督教背景。莱拉和威尔就是小说的主角,他们为了实现预言,当然更重要的是与死去的亲人好友见面,而切进了死人世界。他们的目的是把困在那里的鬼魂放回地面,从而终结死亡,使鬼魂也和普通物质一样循环再生成其他物质。

听起来很扯吧,这就是儿童文学啦。

《猫武士》(《力挽狂澜》,1-6/6,2004)

A - 了解较多:正传看到七部曲开头,看过很多外传;曾经的猫武爱好者

~~又一个拿来凑数的儿童文学。~~简单而言,在猫武士世界中,族群猫的族长(leader)有九条命(参见浅谈WARRIORS中的超自然能力),族长如果死了,会先到达星族(StarClan),获得下一条命,再回到自己的世界。

在1-6中,火星(Firestar)成为了族长,并利用复活技能打败了长鞭(Scourge),取得了胜利。听起来相当无聊,也没什么文学意义。不过,为了弥补族长的这个不平衡,族长变得很容易死,不然副族长(deputy)熬到死都当不了族长。事实上,副族长的死亡率还是很高的。

《哈利·波特》(《死亡圣器》,7/7,2007)

C - 了解较少:只看过电影,原著没怎么看过

主要就是哈利了,这个在阿斯兰那边就谈过了,在此不再赘述。~~其实是我不太清楚,虽然这个系列对死亡有很多探讨。~~但好像除了自愿赴死之外,我记得和那个接骨木魔杖的主人也有关系来着的。

另外,「复活石」这一元素还是很有意义的,似乎最终否定了复活的存在,死去的人只能存在于人们的脑海中。事实上,《哈利·波特》和《黑暗物质》一样,都是否认了复活的可能的。